硅灰加固宁波软土的试验研究     

王泽平  王常明  江南  张在恒 《岩土工程技术》2020,(2):111-116,121

为探索硅灰对软土的力学性质的影响,以宁波鄞州地区一种淤泥质黏土为试样,掺入不同量的硅灰,对硅灰加固土的力学性质和结构特征进行了测试。采用三轴不固结不排水剪切试验,测试分析了不同掺入量的硅灰加固土的应力应变关系,通过扫描电镜SEM照片分析了不同硅灰掺入量的硅灰加固土的结构特征。结果表明:(1)硅灰可以提高软土的黏聚力,黏聚力随着硅灰掺入量的增加而增大;(2)随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土的抗变形能力呈先增加后减小的趋势;(3)同一围压条件下,随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土的破坏偏应力逐渐增加;(4)随着硅灰掺入量的增加,硅灰加固土中大孔隙逐渐减少,小孔隙逐渐数量增加,孔径<1μm的小孔隙组分逐渐占优。  相似文献   

Tectonic nature of the NE Asian continental margin during the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous: constraints from the geochronology and geochemistry of igneous rocks in the NE North China Craton     

Xiao-Ming Zhang  Chen-Yang Sun  Feng Wang  Yu Li 《International Geology Review》2020,62(15):1949-1970

ABSTRACT

This paper presents geochronological, geochemical, and zircon Hf–O isotope data for late Mesozoic intrusive rocks from the northeastern North China Craton (NCC), with the aim of constraining the late Mesozoic tectonic nature of the NE Asian continental margin. U–Pb zircon data indicate that the Late Mesozoic magmatism in the northeastern NCC can be subdivided into two stages: Late Jurassic (161 ? 156 Ma) and Early Cretaceous (125 ? 120 Ma). Late Jurassic magmatism consists mainly of monzogranites. These monzogranites display high Sr/Y ratios and the tetrad effect in their REE, respectively, and have negative ε_Hf(t) values (?22.6 to ?15.8). The former indicates that the primary magma was generated by partial melting of thickened NCC lower crust, the latter suggests that the monzogranites were crystallized from highly fractionated magma, with the primary magma derived from partial melting of lower continental crust. Combined with the spatial distribution and rock associations of the Late Jurassic granitoids, we conclude that the Late Jurassic magmatism in the eastern NCC formed in a compressional environment related to oblique subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia. The Early Cretaceous magmatism consists mainly of granitoids and quartz diorites. The quartz diorites formed by mixing of melts derived from the mantle and lower crust. The coeval granitoids are classified as high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous series. Some of the granitoids are similar to A-type granites. The granitoid ε_Hf(t) values and T_DM2 range from ?14.3 to ?1.4 and 2089 to 1274 Ma, respectively. These values indicate that their primary magma was derived from partial melting of lower crustal material of the NCC, but with a contribution of mantle-derived material. We therefore conclude that Early Cretaceous magmatism in the northeastern NCC occurred in an extensional environment related to westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional finite element simulation of fracture propagation in rock specimens with pre-existing fissure(s) under compression and their strength analysis     

Ramin Pakzad  Shanyong Wang  Scott W. Sloan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(10):1472-1494

A FORTRAN program, consistent with the commercially available finite element (FE) code ABAQUS, is developed based on a three-dimensional (3D) linear elastic brittle damage constitutive model with two damage criteria. To consider the heterogeneity of rock, the developed FORTRAN program is used to set the stiffness and strength properties of each element of the FE model following a Weibull distribution function. The reliability of the program is assessed against available experimental results for granite cylindrical specimens with a throughgoing, flat and inclined fissure. The calibration procedure of the material parameters is explained in detail, and it is shown that the compressive to tensile strength ratio can have a substantial influence on the failure response of the specimens. Numerical simulations are conducted for models with different levels of heterogeneity. The results show a smaller load bearing capacity for models with less homogeneity, representing gradual coalescence of fully damaged elements forming throughout the models during loading. The maximum load bearing capacity is studied for various combinations of inclination angles of two centrally aligned, throughgoing and flat fissures of equal length embedded in cylindrical models under uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions. The key role of the compressive to tensile strength ratio is highlighted by repeating certain simulations with a lower compressive to tensile strength ratio. It is proven that the peak loads of the rock models with sufficiently small compressive to tensile strength ratios containing two throughgoing fissures of equal length are similar, provided that the minimum inclination angles of the models are the same. The results are presented and discussed with respect to the existing experimental findings in the literature, suggesting that the numerical model applied in this study can provide useful insight into the failure behaviour of rock-like materials.  相似文献   

东昆仑夏日哈木退变质榴辉岩地球化学、年代学特征及其地质意义     

郭峰  王盘喜  王振宁  冯乃琦 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(4):45-55

本文对东昆仑夏日哈木退变质榴辉岩开展岩石地球化学和年代学研究，探讨其原岩性质和构造背景。岩石SiO₂含量为46.77%~49.31%，Al₂O₃含量为13.6%~14.6%，TiO₂含量为0.93%~2.29%，全碱（K₂O+Na₂O）含量为1.61%~2.66%，原岩属亚碱性玄武岩系列中的拉斑玄武岩。（La/Yb）_N=0.98~1.63，（La/Sm）_N=0.98~1.41，δEu=1.10~1.28，稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图呈弱Eu正异常的右倾型，岩石相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba和不相容元素U，相对亏损高场强元素Zr、Hf，Hf/Th=0.59~0.97，Th/Yb=0.13~0.27，显示其原岩具E-MORB特征。退变质榴辉岩的锆石Th/U比值为0.002~0.091，为变质成因锆石，其锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄为414.2 ±7.3 Ma，代表了退变质榴辉岩的峰变质年龄，结合区域地质背景，认为该岩石形成于早泥盆世早期由碰撞作用向碰撞后伸展作用转换的构造环境。  相似文献   

Carboniferous integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China     

Wang  Xiangdong  Hu  Keyi  Qie  Wenkun  Sheng  Qingyi  Chen  Bo  Lin  Wei  Yao  Le  Wang  Qiulai  Qi  Yuping  Chen  Jitao  Liao  Zhuoting  Song  Junjun 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(1):135-153

The Carboniferous period lasted about 60 Myr, from ～358.9 Ma to ～298.9 Ma. According to the International Commission on Stratigraphy, the Carboniferous System is subdivided into two subsystems, i.e., Mississippian and Pennsylvanian, including 6 series and 7 stages. The Global Stratotype Sections and Points(GSSPs) of three stages have been ratified, the Tournaisian, Visean, and Bashkirian stages. The GSSPs of the remaining four stages(i.e., the Serpukhovian, Moscovian,Kasimovian, and Gzhelian) have not been ratified so far. This paper outlines Carboniferous stratigraphic subdivision and correlation on the basis of detailed biostratigraphy mainly from South China, and summarizes the Carboniferous chronostratigraphic framework of China. High-resolution biostratigraphic study reveals 37 conodont zones, 24 foraminiferal(including fusulinid) zones, 13 ammonoid zones, 10 brachiopod zones, and 10 rugose coral zones in the Carboniferous of China. The biostratigraphic framework based on these biozones warrants the precise correlation of regional stratigraphy of China(including2 subsystems, 4 series, and 8 stages) to that of the other regions globally. Meanwhile, the Carboniferous chemo-, sequence-,cyclo-, and event-stratigraphy of China have been intensively studied and can also be correlated worldwide. Future studies on the Carboniferous in China should focus on(1) the correlation between shallow-and deep-water facies and between marine and continental facies,(2) high-resolution astronomical cyclostratigraphy, and(3) paleoenvironment and paleoclimate analysis based on geochemical proxies such as strontium and oxygen isotopes, as well as stomatal indices of fossil plants.  相似文献   

关于确保甘肃省祁连山生态保护红线落地并严守的科技支撑建议   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王宝  王涛  王勤花  王鹏龙  徐冰鑫  高峰 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):7-11

祁连山是中国西部重要生态安全屏障，是国家重点生态功能区，其生态保护与治理一直受到国家、地方政府和当地居民高度关注。目前，在祁连山的生态保护工作中，缺乏对现状基础数据的全面掌握，区域经济发展与生态环境保护矛盾突出，生态环境综合监测系统不完备，生态补偿机制推进实施缺乏创新。在全面梳理祁连山目前存在的重大生态问题的基础上，提出了祁连山生态保护红线落地并严守的建议，包括加快开展祁连山综合科学考察、完善并落实开展生态补偿机制、探索以正面清单为导向的协调发展模式、促进生态安全与地方经济社会可持续发展相协调、进一步实施重大配套政策、完善保障支撑体系等。  相似文献   

基于网络时空核密度的交通事故多发点鉴别方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王颖志  王立君 《地理科学》2019,39(8):1238-1245

交通事故多发点是道路交通安全管理的重要治理对象,如何利用空间统计方法对其进行高效鉴别是研究热点。以华东某地为研究区域,以2013~2015年该研究区域的道路交通事故数据为研究对象,以时空道路网络为视角,通过路网匹配和路网裁剪形成事故时空子路段,提出一种基于交通事故场景的网络时空核密度估计值作为鉴别指标,用累计频率法和零膨胀的负二项回归模型确定鉴别阈值的事故多发点鉴别方法。  相似文献   

华北南缘中元古界高山河群碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

王淼  周洪瑞  张恒 《古地理学报》2020,22(1):39-55

为了探讨华北板块南缘中元古代沉积地层的时代归属和物质来源、区域古地理格局和大地构造特征,对豫西灵宝福地地区的高山河群进行碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学和锆石微量元素特征研究。获得的高山河群年龄最小(年轻)的单颗碎屑锆石 ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb 年龄值为1685±39 Ma,从而限制了高山河群最早沉积年龄不早于1700 Ma。结合上覆的龙家园组年代学标定(1594±12 Ma),将高山河群的形成年代限定为1700—1600 Ma,即中元古代长城纪的中晚期,属国际地质年表的“固结纪”。高山河群中碎屑锆石 ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb 年龄范围为1685—2751 Ma,呈现1850 Ma、2150 Ma、2300 Ma和2500 Ma共4个年龄峰值,对应于华北克拉通古元古代重要的地质事件,并且高山河群以1850 Ma和2500 Ma峰值年龄段的地质体为主要的物源区。根据高山河群与云梦山组碎屑锆石年龄频率对比,推测在豫西地区西侧存在以往报道较少的年龄为2500 Ma的地质体。根据熊耳群火山岩及其对应锆石的地球化学特征和熊耳期盆地动力学性质,并结合高山河群沉积相特征和沉积盆地构造属性,认为熊耳群形成于与“岛弧”共生的拉张性质的弧后盆地地区,而其上覆的高山河群为弧后盆地靠近大陆一侧的具有被动大陆边缘性质的滨浅海沉积。  相似文献   

Spatial patch structure and adaptive strategy for desert shrub of Reaumuria soongorica in arid ecosystem of the Heihe River Basin     

Li  Wei  Li  Xiaoyan  Huang  Yongmei  Wang  Pei  Zhang  Cicheng 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(9):1507-1526

In many arid ecosystems, vegetation frequently occurs in high-cover patches interspersed in a matrix of low plant cover. However, theoretical explanations for shrub patch pattern dynamics along climate gradients remain unclear on a large scale. This context aimed to assess the variance of the Reaumuria soongorica patch structure along the precipitation gradient and the factors that affect patch structure formation in the middle and lower Heihe River Basin (HRB). Field investigations on vegetation patterns and heterogeneity in soil properties were conducted during 2014 and 2015. The results showed that patch height, size and plant-to-patch distance were smaller in high precipitation habitats than in low precipitation sites. Climate, soil and vegetation explained 82.5% of the variance in patch structure. Spatially, R. soongorica shifted from a clumped to a random pattern on the landscape towards the MAP gradient, and heterogeneity in the surface soil properties (the ratio of biological soil crust (BSC) to bare gravels (BG)) determined the R. soongorica population distribution pattern in the middle and lower HRB. A conceptual model, which integrated water availability and plant facilitation and competition effects, was revealed that R. soongorica changed from a flexible water use strategy in high precipitation regions to a consistent water use strategy in low precipitation areas. Our study provides a comprehensive quantification of the variance in shrub patch structure along a precipitation gradient and may improve our understanding of vegetation pattern dynamics in the Gobi Desert under future climate change.

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压裂微震数据初至拾取的时频谱熵法     

田雅男  王环宇  王鑫  黄佳俊  章强 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(4):1219-1227

在油气田开发过程中，微震监测是获得水力压裂引起裂缝分布的一种较为有效的方法。微震的定位成像与裂缝解释需要利用有效微震信号位置，而微震信号具有低信噪比的特点，传统信号拾取方法无法有效实现较低信噪比条件下初至时刻的准确拾取。本文提出一种基于时频谱熵的初至拾取新方法，该方法首先通过S变换获取含噪信号的时频谱；然后对谱内各个采样点沿频率方向进行分帧操作，并计算每帧频段内的近似负熵值，以最小近似负熵值作为该谱点的负熵值；最后沿时间方向比较各谱点的负熵值，最小值对应的时刻即为初至时刻。本文利用不同信噪比的合成地震数据对该方法进行效果验证，并与长短时窗能量比（STA/LTA）法进行拾取结果对比，结果表明：信噪比在-5 dB时，两种方法拾取效果都很好；信噪比在-10 dB时，时频谱熵法拾取效果更好。时频谱熵法更适合低信噪比情况下的信号初至拾取。  相似文献